For a complete table of Likert scale examples click here. The response categories in Likert scales have a rank order, but the intervals between values cannot be presumed equal. Therefore, the mean and standard deviation are inappropriate for ordinal data Jamieson, Therefore quantitative data is obtained, which means that the data can be analyzed with relative ease. Offering anonymity on self-administered questionnaires should further reduce social pressure, and thus may likewise reduce social desirability bias.
Paulhus found that more desirable personality characteristics were reported when people were asked to write their names, addresses and telephone numbers on their questionnaire than when they told not to put identifying information on the questionnaire. However, like all surveys, the validity of the Likert scale attitude measurement can be compromised due to social desirability. This means that individuals may lie to put themselves in a positive light.
For example, if a Likert scale was measuring discrimination, who would admit to being racist? McLeod, S.
Likert scale. A numerical value is assigned to each potential choice and a mean figure for all the responses is computed at the end of the evaluation or survey. Sign up to join this community. The best answers are voted up and rise to the top. Stack Overflow for Teams — Collaborate and share knowledge with a private group. Create a free Team What is Teams? Learn more. Under what conditions should Likert scales be used as ordinal or interval data?
Ask Question. Asked 11 years, 3 months ago. Active 9 months ago. Viewed k times. Improve this question. A Lion A Lion 1, 2 2 gold badges 12 12 silver badges 12 12 bronze badges. If yes, what are the criteria for determining that a researcher has enough relevant data points i. Some areas are completely willing to treat a single Likert item as interval even though it clearly is ordinal.
A reasonable answer might be to use a different analysis method, e. Another answer might be to conduct a simple test of normality, so long as the aggregate doesn't significantly depart from normality you are probably okay. Add a comment. Active Oldest Votes. Improve this answer. Where is that "12 points imply interval scale" rule of thumb from?
Tom Tom 1 1 silver badge 3 3 bronze badges. See russellpierce's comment. For example, if you were examining life satisfaction of states or countries, job satisfaction of organisations or departments, student satisfaction in subjects. Jeromy Anglim Jeromy Anglim Please attribute your quotation or, in general, any words that you are borrowing from someone else. Bad example Good example I never buy non-organic products. I try to buy organic products whenever possible.
Bad example Good example How would you rate your knowledge of climate change and food systems? Very poor Poor Fair Good Excellent. How would you rate your knowledge of climate change? Never Occasionally Sometimes Often Always. How frequently do you buy biodegradable products? Unipolar Bipolar How satisfied are you with the range of organic products available? Not at all satisfied Somewhat satisfied Satisfied Very satisfied Extremely satisfied.
How satisfied are you with the range of organic products available? Extremely dissatisfied Dissatisfied Neither dissatisfied nor satisfied Satisfied Extremely satisfied.
Bad example Good example Environmental damage caused by single use water bottles is a serious problem. Environmental damage caused by single use water bottles is a serious problem. Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree. Receive feedback on language, structure and layout Professional editors proofread and edit your paper by focusing on: Academic style Vague sentences Grammar Style consistency See an example.
Strongly agree Agree Neither agree nor disagree Disagree Strongly disagree How frequently do you buy biodegradable products? Strongly disagree Disagree Neither agree nor disagree Agree Strongly agree Banning single use water bottles is pointless for reducing environmental damage. What is a Likert scale? Are Likert scales ordinal or interval scales?
What is operationalization? Is this article helpful? Pritha Bhandari Pritha has an academic background in English, psychology and cognitive neuroscience. As an interdisciplinary researcher, she enjoys writing articles explaining tricky research concepts for students and academics. Other students also liked. How to do survey research Survey research uses a list of questions to collect data about a group of people. You can conduct surveys online, by mail, or in person.
An introduction to quantitative research Quantitative research means collecting and analyzing numerical data to describe characteristics, find correlations, or test hypotheses. Levels of measurement: Nominal, ordinal, interval, ratio Levels of measurement tell you how precisely variables are recorded. The level of measurement determines how you can analyze your data.
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